How SMS Works

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SMSC in a GSM network.

Finally the picture is mine. Took me 30 mins.

BTS - Base Transceiver Station (Antenna)

BSC - Base Station Controller

MSC - Mobile Switching center

HLR- Home Location Register

VLR - Visitor Location Register

SMSC - Short Message Service Center

When a user sends an SMS, the request is placed via the MSC. The MSC forwards the SMS to the SMSC where it gets stored. The SMSC queries the HLR to find out where the destination mobile is and forwards the message to the destination MSC if the destination mobile is available. If the mobile is not available the message gets stored in the current SMSC itself. In most installations If a mobile is not available for delivery the SMSC will not retry. Instead the destination MSC will inform the SMSC when the mobile comes back in range.

SMS handling is a store and forward operation unlike .

SMS has got a validity period, for which it will wait for the destination mobile to the available. After that time the SMSC will delete the message.  The validity period can be set by the user. Normal validity is 1 day.

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23 comments ↓

#1 anoop krishnan on 06.19.07 at 9:34 pm

how long a message will stored without delivery?

#2 anoop krishnan on 06.19.07 at 11:20 pm

thx

#3 Luis on 06.21.07 at 1:01 pm

And in the case an user sends a SMS to a short code (for example in those trivia games)? Once the SMS arrives to the SMSC, where would be located the Trivia in the map?

Thanks!

#4 ds on 06.27.07 at 5:20 pm

if there are two mobiles of different providers say M1 and M2 … M1 sends a sms to M2 so which base station will give the delivery report to M1. The base station of M1 or the base station of M2??
please answer .

#5 efren baniqued on 07.02.07 at 11:31 pm

1. What causes dropped SMS?
2. Is there an imposed limitations on how many SMS a receiving person should get in a day?

#6 Martin Reynolds on 07.04.07 at 2:06 am

A SMS is usually stored for a few days and if the message has not been delivered then the sender of message will get a message saying something like “Message not delivered”

#7 Ratheesh.R on 07.15.07 at 10:55 am

An sms is stored in the smsc, for a few days, and its is configurable by the opearator, like they can configure ofr 1 day -3 days, but normally its id 1 -2 days, to avoid the load.

#8 Ratheesh.R on 07.15.07 at 10:57 am

What causes dropped SMS?

There are lot of reasons to cause the Sms to be dropped, mainly MAP related failures, provider error, cause code error, routing problems, ects, some smsc s will not support long mesages, so they will drop that message forcefully…..

#9 Ratheesh.R on 07.15.07 at 11:01 am

how long a message will stored without delivery?

see, its is again congigurable by the oprator. suppose i am sending a message to u, unfortunaltly your mobile was switched off at thet time, when ur mobile is switched on, HLR will give an alert message to Smsc and then smsc will try to deliver the message at that time. and another scenario is there, called error based retry, depends on the error which is received from the network smsc will attept to retry the message. All these things are congigurable. Thank you.

#10 Ratheesh.R on 07.16.07 at 1:11 pm

if there are two mobiles of different providers say M1 and M2 … M1 sends a sms to M2 so which base station will give the delivery report to M1. The base station of M1 or the base station of M2??

for each and every transaction in the messaging, we cam get appropritate flags. for example we are getting a flag ‘P’ for successfully processed for the message. then our smsc will create a delivery report , and swap the src number as destination number and send the delivery message.

#11 Wong Thai Min on 08.23.07 at 10:12 pm

I think you may like to know more about the world most powerful SMS compression method that was invented by us. Please find out more at http://www.euzertech.com or contact me for further information if you would like to know more. Thanks.

#12 Chang on 09.11.07 at 10:37 am

What are the VLRs for??

also, if I send a message from one operator to another, whose SMSC would store and deliver the message and via whose SMSC/HLR?

Thks!!

#13 Palash Gupta on 10.08.07 at 11:14 am

Thanks for this documents. IT’s a nice one.

#14 MV THIPPESWAMY on 10.15.07 at 12:44 pm

WHERE IS THE SMCS LOCATED?

#15 huttaiah on 11.19.07 at 11:12 am

how does mms works..

#16 alebel abebe on 11.22.07 at 2:28 pm

would you please help me how to use sms text message from pc to mobile cell phone

#17 ‘Disruptive Technologies’ - Blog Review « Avid Blog Reader on 11.28.07 at 2:17 pm

[…] communicating, not for complicating. The technical entries in the blog are also informative like How SMS Works. The author has allowed a few guest blog entries as […]

#18 Prajeeth on 12.06.07 at 1:59 pm

Can the MSC configured to be delivering SMS without SMSC? ie if we require only one shot deliver and does not require a Store and Forward incase it fails ( Eg could be a Class 0 message Flash SMS).

In short i want a SMS delivered without a SMSC in the system with only MSC. Is this possible?

#19 Preju George on 12.14.07 at 8:37 am

would you please help me How I can send SMS text from my computer to mobile cell phone. if you have any code or progaramming please help me out.

#20 jaleel on 12.27.07 at 3:43 pm

would you please help me How I can send SMS text from my computer to mobile cell phone. if you have any code or progaramming please help me out.

#21 Dillip on 01.01.08 at 5:33 pm

I saw many people wanted to know, how to send a message from the PC to mobile. This is why, I thought to answer. You can use a SMS gateway to send a message from your PC. What you need to do, download a trial version of SMS gateway from nowsms.com. Use your mobile (if they are latest one, you must have a USB cable with it), connect to your PC. You can use the CD provided with your mobile to install the driver for the same. Once you initialize/start the SMS gateway, use your mobile’s driver to use as a point of sending message. There is a web interface in NowSMS, using which you can send SMS.

#22 More Canadian Wireless Carrier Greed | ian andrew bell on 07.09.08 at 5:34 am

[…] uses the signaling overlay path of wireless carrier networks, and from the wireless perspective SMS messages ride in the […]

#23 More Canadian Wireless Carrier Greed | Something Simpler on 07.09.08 at 5:53 am

[…] uses the signaling overlay path of wireless carrier networks, and from the wireless perspective SMS messages ride in the […]

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